hitopadeśa箴言書 宏文
Prologue
Text1
सिद्धिः साध्ये सताम् अस्तु प्रसादात् तस्य धूर्जटेः।
जाह्नवी-फेन-लेखेव यन्-मूर्ध्नि शशिनः कला॥१॥
siddhiḥ sādhye satām astu prasādāt tasya dhūrjaṭeḥ |
jāhnavī-phena-lekheva yan-mūrdhni śaśinaḥ kalā ||1|| →
siddhis sādhye satām astu prasādāt tasya dhūrjaṭes |
jāhnavī-phena-lekhā iva yat-mūrdhni śaśinas kalā ||1||
由於濕婆的憐憫,善人們會完成他們的心願。在濕婆神頭上的新月,有如恒河
上的波紋。
siddhis: (siddhi) ( √sidh-4) f.sg.N. 完成,成就。支配L格
sādhye: (sādhya) (√sādh-1,5) fpp.m.sg.L. 實現。(受到siddhis的支配)
√sādh-ya (fpp.) = sādhya → sādhye
satām: (sat) (√as-2) ppr.m.pl.G. 賢者,智者
√as弱語基s-at (ppr.) = sat → satām
astu: (√as-2) impv.3.sg.p. (在此,命令法表願望)
prasādāt tasya dhūrjates 由於這個濕婆神的憐憫
prasādāt: (prasāda) m.sg.Ab. 仁慈,憐憫。Ab表原因,理由
tasya: (tat) dem.pron → adj.m.sg.G. 這個。修飾dhūrjates
dhūrjates: (dhūrjati) m.sg.G. 有髮髻者,濕婆神(Śiva)的稱號
jāhnavī-phena-lekhā iva 有如恒河上的波紋。jāhnavī和phena-lekhā的關係
是依主釋(位格關係)。若翻譯成「恒河的波紋」時,也可以是依主釋(屬格關
係)。
jāhnavī: f. 恒河
phena: m. 泡沫
lekhā: (lekhā) f.sg.N. 條紋,輪廓
iva: adv. 如,好像
yat-mūrdhni 在濕婆神的頭上
yat: (yat) rel.pron. 指濕婆神
mūrdhni: (mūrdhan) m.sg.L. 頭頂上
śaśinas: (śaśin) m.sg.G. 月亮(śaśa是兔子,加in表示擁有兔子者,就是月亮)。
修飾kalā
kalā: (kalā) f.sg.N. 一部分
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